Large-Signal Equivalent Circuit for Datacom VCSELs

Increasing the baud rate in optical interconnects (OIs) will require use of more sophisticated driver and receiver electronics. This help overcome stagnated bandwidth Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) pin-photodetector. Next generation OIs operating at single lane rates 50+ Gbaud therefore careful co-optimization electronics optoelectronics. To facilitate this work there is a need an accurate equivalent circuit for optoelectronic components, functioning over broad drive current ambient temperature range. The VCSEL most important complex to model due its non-linear behavior strongly varying characteristics with temperature. For purpose, large-signal dedicated high-speed datacom VCSELs has been developed presented here. distributed electrical parasitics device layout are carefully considered, intrinsic speed limitation from carrier transport effects Separate-Confinement-Heterostructure (SCH) carrier-photon interaction Quantum Wells (QWs) included, self-heating monitored. purposely based on physical instead empirical models so that it can provide usable feedback designers. demonstration, implemented Keysight's Advanced Design System (ADS) software thereafter applied replicate performance state-of-the-art 28-GHz-bandwidth different temperatures currents. Comparison made between simulated measured steady-state characteristics, small-signal behavior, response under 28 On-Off-Keying (OOK) Pulse-Amplitude-Modulation 4 (PAM4) modulation, showing good agreement.